Sura al-Ahzab

The Manifest Quran 33

Introduction of Surah

al-Ahzab is the 33rd sura of the Qur’an, which means ‘The Joint Forces’ or ‘The Confederate Tribes’. It derives its name from verses 20, which refers to the Battle of the Trench, held in 5 ah. The sura belongs to the Medinan period and comprises 73 verses, 1,280 words, 5,706 letters, and 9 segments. It is the 90th sura in chronological order, revealed after Sura Al ‘Imran. The Joint Forces consisted of tribes which banded together with the Meccans to besiege Medina at the Battle of the Trench (al-Khandaq). This sura provides the rules on divorce and adoption along with a number of ethical instructions for Muslims to follow.

Furthermore, this sura describes the attitudes of the hypocrites and their tactics to sway and discourage the believers from putting up resistance and fighting in self-defence. The sura refers to the Confederates of Mecca who persuaded the Jewish tribe Banu Qurayza, which inhabited Medina, to allow them to breach the Medinan state’s defences and fortifications, and attack the city from the south. The Banu Qurayza were besieged by the Muslim forces, and punished for their high treason and their violation of the Treaty of Medina. The Enemy Alliance was weakened by Muslim forces in the Medinan state through engaging with the Banu Ghatafan tribe in negotiations. As a result of these negotiations, the Muslim forces were able to overcome the Meccan forces and dismantle their unity, leading to the defeat of the Confederate Forces.

This sura further goes on to describe the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) as an exemplary Role Model for believers, declaring the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) as being closer to the believers than their own selves, and declaring the wives of the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) as the mothers of the believers. The sura then proceeds to provide some essential instructions to the virtuous wives of the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him), and elevates their status by declaring their rewards to be double of other believing women. This sura declares that none of the believing women possesses a status equal to theirs; therefore, their patience, modesty, speech, prayers, charity, and obedience to God and the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) should be maintained according to their status.

The sura further mentions the reward of righteous men and women, in general, as well as their attributes, including devotion, truthfulness, humbleness, being charitable and protectors of their purity and chastity. The sura proceeds with injunctions regarding wearing the veil, and urging the believing women to draw cloaks over themselves. Furthermore, the sura emphasises unconditional obedience to God Almighty, and His Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him), declaring that whoever disobeys the Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) shall go astray. The sura declares the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) as a Witness, a Bearer of glad tidings, a Warner, a Caller to God, and a Luminous Lamp, spreading his light like the sun. This sura also proclaims the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) as the Last and Final Messenger, ending the system of succession and raising of Prophets (peace be upon them). Moreover, this sura announces the esteemed and exalted status of the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) by stating that God All-Mighty Himself invokes His blessings upon him and the angels joining Him, and also commands the believers to invoke blessings and salutations of peace upon the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him). In the end, the sura commands the believers to not be like those who caused distress to Prophet Musa (Moses [peace be upon him]), and to always be obedient to Allah Almighty’s Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him).

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In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the All-Merciful
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ﭫﭬﭭﭮﭯﭰﭱﭲﭳﭴﭵﭶﭷﭸﭹﭺﭻﭼﭽﭾﭿﮀﮁﮂﮃﮄﮅﮆﮇﮈﮉﮊﮋﮌﮍﮎﮏﮐﮑﮒﮓﮔﮕﮖﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛﮜﮝ

33:37. And (remember) when you said to him whom Allah had blessed, and you (too) had blessed: ‘Retain your wife for yourself (in the bond of marriage) and be God-conscious.’ And you had concealed (the secret) within yourself; what Allah would reveal (later). And (out of decency) you were worried about the people (that they might misunderstand the situation). Whereas it is more befitting that you consider Allah’s command fearfully. But when (your adopted son) Zayd gave up his claim upon her (through divorce), We wedded her to you. So, there should be no restriction for the believers in (marrying) the ex-wives of their adopted sons when they have finished their marital relationship with them. And Allah’s command is bound to be fulfilled.

* This verse refers to the inability of Zaynab bint Jahsh to reconcile with Zayd b. Haritha because she insisted on getting a divorce. According to another report, Zayd insisted on divorcing her. Since Zayd and Zaynab came from two different social classes, the marriage was not successful, despite the Prophet’s advice to them on several occasions to retain the marriage. In contrast, Allah had willed that Zaynab would be wedded to the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) after her divorce. The Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) was worried that people would misunderstand the situation. Hence, this verse was revealed.

(al-Ahzab, 33 : 37)
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ﮙﮚﮛﮜﮝﮞﮟﮠﮡﮢﮣﮤﮥﮦﮧﮨﮩﮪﮫﮬﮭﮮﮯﮰﮱﯓﯔﯕﯖﯗﯘﯙﯚﯛﯜﯝﯞﯟﯠﯡﯢﯣﯤﯥﯦﯧﯨﯩﯪﯫﯬﯭﯮﯯﯰﯱﯲﯳﯴﯵﯶﯷﯸﯹ

33:50. O Prophet! Indeed, We have made lawful for you your wives, to whom you have paid their bridal gifts, and those (bondwomen) in your possession, whom Allah has assigned to you through war. And (you are allowed to marry) the daughters of your paternal uncle, the daughters of your paternal aunts, the daughters of your maternal uncle and the daughters of your maternal aunts, who migrated with you. (Similarly,) any other believing woman who offers herself to the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) and the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) pleases to take her in marriage. (This permission is) an exclusive privilege for you, not for the rest of the believers. We know what We have made lawful for them concerning their wives and (the bondwomen) in their possession so that there may be no blame upon you. And Allah is Most-Forgiving, All-Merciful.

(al-Ahzab, 33 : 50)
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ﮕﮖﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛﮜﮝﮞﮟﮠﮡﮢﮣﮤﮥﮦﮧﮨﮩﮪﮫﮬﮭﮮﮯﮰﮱﯓﯔﯕﯖﯗﯘﯙﯚﯛﯜﯝﯞﯟﯠﯡﯢﯣﯤﯥﯦﯧﯨﯩﯪﯫﯬﯭﯮﯯﯰﯱﯲﯳﯴﯵﯶﯷﯸﯹﯺﯻﯼﯽﯾﯿﰀﰁ

33:53. O believers! Do not enter the houses of the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) unless permission is granted to you for a meal—nor (arrive too early as to) linger until the meal is ready. But if you are invited, then enter (on time). And when you have eaten, disperse (at the earliest convenience) without staying there to chat. Indeed, such behaviour would discomfort the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him). And he is too shy to ask you (to leave), but Allah is never shy from expressing the truth. And when you ask his wives for something, ask them from behind a curtain. That is purer for your hearts and their hearts. And it is not (permissible) for you to annoy the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him), nor may you ever marry his wives after him. That would indeed be a grievous offence in the sight of Allah.

(al-Ahzab, 33 : 53)