Sura al-Hashr
59
Introduction of Surah
al-Hashr is the 59th sura of the Qur’an, which means either ‘The Banishment’, ‘The Exile’, or ‘The Gath-ering’. The sura takes its name from the 2nd verse. It belongs to the Medinan period and comprises 24 verses, 445 words, 1,913 letters, and 3 segments. This sura is the 101st sura in chronological order, revealed after Sura al-Bayyina. Much of the sura concerns Jewish-Muslim relations and, in particular, a treaty that was made between the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) and the Jewish tribe of al-Nadir—a treaty of neutrality that was broken by the Jews. The Jewish tribe was exiled from Medina for conspiring with Meccan pagans and violating the peace agreements with the Muslims. The sura also condemns the hypocrites for their secret alliance with Banu al-Nadir against the state. It is historically known that, after arriving in Medina, the Holy Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) established peaceful relations with the Jewish tribes of the surrounding areas, and the largest and most influential tribe among them were the Banu Qaynuqa‘, Banu Qurayza and Banu al-Nadir. All of the tribes were part of the pact, known as the constitution of Medina, in which they had pledged to support one another in the case of an attack on the state of Medina and to make no alliances against one another. This sura addresses many groups in and around Medina, including the Emigrants from Mecca, the Helpers from Medina, the Hypocrites conspiring against the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) and the Jewish tribes. The sura also mentions the generosity of the helpers of Medina, who welcomed the Emigrants and sacrificed their shares of the spoils for them. Furthermore, verse 21 describes the image of the Qur’an in a striking manner stating: If God had sent it down on a mountain, the people would have seen it as submissive and cleft open in fear of God. The sura concludes with a statement citing the beautiful names of God All-Mighty in the last three verses (22–24).
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In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the All-Merciful
ﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛﮜﮝﮞﮟﮠﮡﮢﮣﮤﮥﮦﮧﮨﮩﮪﮫﮬﮭﮮﮯﮰﮱﯓﯔﯕﯖﯗﯘﯙﯚﯛﯜﯝﯞﯟﯠﯡﯢﯣﯤ
59:2. He is the One Who expelled the disbelievers of the People of the Book (i.e. the tribe of Banu al-Nadir) from their homes at the outset of the first banishment (because of their treason against the state). You never thought they would go; they thought their strongholds would defend them against Allah. But (the decree of) Allah came upon them from where they did not expect, and He cast terror into their hearts. They demolished their houses with their own hands and the hands of the believers. So take a lesson (from it)! O people of vision!
هو الذي أخرج الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب من ديارهم لأول الحشر ما ظننتم أن يخرجوا وظنوا أنهم مانعتهم حصونهم من الله فأتاهم الله من حيث لم يحتسبوا وقذف في قلوبهم الرعب يخربون بيوتهم بأيديهم وأيدي المؤمنين فاعتبروا يا أولي الأبصار
(al-Hashr, 59 : 2)
ﭑﭒﭓﭔﭕﭖﭗﭘﭙﭚﭛﭜﭝﭞ
59:4. That is because they acted in (treacherous) opposition to Allah and His Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him). And whoever works in opposition to Allah, indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
ذلك بأنهم شاقوا الله ورسوله ومن يشاق الله فإن الله شديد العقاب
(al-Hashr, 59 : 4)
ﭭﭮﭯﭰﭱﭲﭳﭴﭵﭶﭷﭸﭹﭺﭻﭼﭽﭾﭿﮀﮁﮂﮃﮄﮅﮆﮇ
59:6. (O believers!) The spoils of war that Allah has returned to His Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) from them, you did not spur any horse or ride any camel for its sake. But Allah gives authority to His messengers over whomever He wills. And Allah is All-Capable of everything.
وما أفاء الله على رسوله منهم فما أوجفتم عليه من خيل ولا ركاب ولكن الله يسلط رسله على من يشاء والله على كل شيء قدير
(al-Hashr, 59 : 6)
ﮈﮉﮊﮋﮌﮍﮎﮏﮐﮑﮒﮓﮔﮕﮖﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛﮜﮝﮞﮟﮠﮡﮢﮣﮤﮥﮦﮧﮨﮩﮪﮫﮬﮭﮮﮯﮰ
59:7. The spoils of war that Allah has returned to His Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) from the people of the towns* belong to Allah and the Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) and the (Messenger’s) near relatives, the orphans, the needy and the wayfarers (at large), so that (material wealth) does not circulate (only) among your wealthy. Whatsoever the Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) gives you, take it, and abstain from whatsoever he forbids you. Be God- conscious. Indeed, Allah is Severe in retribution.
* These include the towns of Qurayza, Nadir, Fadak, Khaybar, ‘Urayna and other towns captured without fighting.
ما أفاء الله على رسوله من أهل القرى فلله وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل كي لا يكون دولة بين الأغنياء منكم وما آتاكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهاكم عنه فانتهوا واتقوا الله إن الله شديد العقاب
(al-Hashr, 59 : 7)
ﮱﯓﯔﯕﯖﯗﯘﯙﯚﯛﯜﯝﯞﯟﯠﯡﯢﯣﯤﯥ
59:8. (These spoils of war are also) for the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and properties, seeking Allah’s grace and pleasure and helping Allah and His Messenger. It is they who are truthful.
للفقراء المهاجرين الذين أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم يبتغون فضلا من الله ورضوانا وينصرون الله ورسوله أولئك هم الصادقون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 8)
ﯦﯧﯨﯩﯪﯫﯬﯭﯮﯯﯰﯱﯲﯳﯴﯵﯶﯷﯸﯹﯺﯻﯼﯽﯾﯿﰀﰁﰂﰃﰄﰅﰆ
59:9. (These spoils are also) for those (helpers, i.e. the Ansar) who were (already) firmly settled in the land (of Medina) and (firmly rooted) in faith before (the arrival of the emigrants). They love whoever migrated to them, never finding any need in their hearts for whatever (of the gains) is given to the emigrants. They give preference (to others) over themselves, even though they may be in dire need. And those saved from the greed of their souls, it is they who are prosperous.
والذين تبوؤوا الدار والإيمان من قبلهم يحبون من هاجر إليهم ولا يجدون في صدورهم حاجة مما أوتوا ويؤثرون على أنفسهم ولو كان بهم خصاصة ومن يوق شح نفسه فأولئك هم المفلحون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 9)
ﭑﭒﭓﭔﭕﭖﭗﭘﭙﭚﭛﭜﭝﭞﭟﭠﭡﭢﭣﭤﭥﭦﭧﭨ
59:10. And those who came after them say: ‘Our Lord! Forgive us and (forgive) our brothers who preceded us in faith, and do not put any malice in our hearts for the believers. Our Lord! Indeed, You are Most-Gracious, All-Merciful.’
والذين جاؤوا من بعدهم يقولون ربنا اغفر لنا ولإخواننا الذين سبقونا بالإيمان ولا تجعل في قلوبنا غلا للذين آمنوا ربنا إنك رؤوف رحيم
(al-Hashr, 59 : 10)
ﭩﭪﭫﭬﭭﭮﭯﭰﭱﭲﭳﭴﭵﭶﭷﭸﭹﭺﭻﭼﭽﭾﭿﮀﮁﮂﮃﮄﮅﮆ
59:11. Have you not seen those who have become hypocrites? They say to their brothers—the disbelievers among the People of the Book: ‘If you are expelled (from here), we will surely go out with you. And we will never obey anyone against you. And if you are fought, we will surely help you.’ Allah bears witness that they are certainly liars.
ألم تر إلى الذين نافقوا يقولون لإخوانهم الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب لئن أخرجتم لنخرجن معكم ولا نطيع فيكم أحدا أبدا وإن قوتلتم لننصرنكم والله يشهد إنهم لكاذبون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 11)
ﮇﮈﮉﮊﮋﮌﮍﮎﮏﮐﮑﮒﮓﮔﮕﮖﮗ
59:12. If they were expelled, these (hypocrites) would never leave with them. And if they were fought, they would never help them. Were they to help them, they would surely turn their backs (to flee), and then they would not be supported (from anywhere).
لئن أخرجوا لا يخرجون معهم ولئن قوتلوا لا ينصرونهم ولئن نصروهم ليولن الأدبار ثم لا ينصرون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 12)
ﮦﮧﮨﮩﮪﮫﮬﮭﮮﮯﮰﮱﯓﯔﯕﯖﯗﯘﯙﯚﯛﯜﯝﯞﯟﯠﯡ
59:14. They (i.e. the treacherous Jews of Medina and the hypocrites) will not fight against you (even allied) altogether, except in fortified townships or from behind walls. There is severe hostility between them. You think they are united, but their hearts are divided. That is because they are a people who do not understand,
لا يقاتلونكم جميعا إلا في قرى محصنة أو من وراء جدر بأسهم بينهم شديد تحسبهم جميعا وقلوبهم شتى ذلك بأنهم قوم لا يعقلون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 14)
ﯢﯣﯤﯥﯦﯧﯨﯩﯪﯫﯬﯭﯮ
59:15. like those who, shortly before them, tasted the evil consequences of their conduct.* There is a painful punishment for them (in the Hereafter).
* This verse refers to the idolaters of Mecca at Badr and the Banu Nadir, Banu Qaynuqa‘ and Banu Qurayza from the Jews who committed an act of treason against the state by breaching the Treaty of Medina.
كمثل الذين من قبلهم قريبا ذاقوا وبال أمرهم ولهم عذاب أليم
(al-Hashr, 59 : 15)
ﯯﯰﯱﯲﯳﯴﯵﯶﯷﯸﯹﯺﯻﯼﯽﯾﯿﰀ
59:16. (The example of the hypocrites is) like Satan when he says to human being: ‘Disbelieve’, but when he disbelieves, he says: ‘I am absolved of you. Surely, I fear Allah, the Lord of all worlds.’
كمثل الشيطان إذ قال للإنسان اكفر فلما كفر قال إني بريء منك إني أخاف الله رب العالمين
(al-Hashr, 59 : 16)
ﭝﭞﭟﭠﭡﭢﭣﭤﭥﭦﭧﭨﭩﭪﭫﭬﭭﭮﭯﭰ
59:18. O believers! Be God-conscious. And let every soul consider what it has sent forth for tomorrow. And (always) remain God-conscious. Indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what you do.
يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله ولتنظر نفس ما قدمت لغد واتقوا الله إن الله خبير بما تعملون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 18)
ﮉﮊﮋﮌﮍﮎﮏﮐﮑﮒﮓﮔﮕﮖﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛﮜ
59:21. Had We sent this Qur’an down upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled (to pieces and) torn asunder by the fear of Allah. We offer such illustrations for people, so perhaps they may reflect.
لو أنزلنا هذا القرآن على جبل لرأيته خاشعا متصدعا من خشية الله وتلك الأمثال نضربها للناس لعلهم يتفكرون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 21)
ﮭﮮﮯﮰﮱﯓﯔﯕﯖﯗﯘﯙﯚﯛﯜﯝﯞﯟﯠﯡﯢ
59:23. He is Allah, besides Whom there is no god: the All-Sovereign, the Most Holy, the All-Perfect, the Securer, the Guardian (watching all), the All-Mighty, the Most Supreme (and) the All-Magnanimous. Glorified is Allah from whatever they associate with Him (in worship).
هو الله الذي لا إله إلا هو الملك القدوس السلام المؤمن المهيمن العزيز الجبار المتكبر سبحان الله عما يشركون
(al-Hashr, 59 : 23)
ﯣﯤﯥﯦﯧﯨﯩﯪﯫﯬﯭﯮﯯﯰﯱﯲﯳﯴﯵﯶﯷ
