Surah al-Fath

Irfan-ul-Quran
  • 26پارہ نمبر
  • 29آيات
  • 4رکوع
  • 111ترتيب نزولي
  • 48ترتيب تلاوت
  • مدنیسورہ
or

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the All-Merciful

لِّیَغۡفِرَ لَکَ اللّٰہُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنۡ ذَنۡۢبِکَ وَ مَا تَاَخَّرَ وَ یُتِمَّ نِعۡمَتَہٗ عَلَیۡکَ وَ یَہۡدِیَکَ صِرَاطًا مُّسۡتَقِیۡمًا ۙ﴿۲﴾

2. so, for your sake, Allah may forgive the past faults of your community* and their future shortcomings. And He may complete His Blessing upon you, and guide you upon a straight path.

*

The co-related noun is estimated and has been omitted here. The intended words are ‘ma taqaddama min dhanbi ummati-ka wa ma ta’akhkhar’. It is because the following subject relates to glad tidings of sending down tranquillity, admission to Paradise and forgiveness of sins. The meaning will become evident if verses 1 to 5 are studied together. The leading exegetes have elucidated it under verse 55 of Sura al-Mu’min. In li-dhanbi-ka, the co-related noun is ‘Umma’, which is omitted. On this basis, therefore, wastaghfir li-dhanbi-ka denotes the sins of the Umma. The leading scholars Imam al-Nasafi, Imam al-Qurtubi and al-Shawkani have drawn the same meanings. To summarise:

1. Wastaghfir li-dhanbi-ka means li-dhanbi Ummati-ka, that is ‘the sins of your Umma’. (al-Nasafi in Madarik al-Tanzil wa Haqa’iq al-Ta’wil, 4:359.)
2. Wastaghfir li-dhanbi-ka means li-dhanbi Ummati-ka, hudhifa al-mudaf wa uqima al-mudaf ilayh maqama-hu. It implies the sins of the Umma. The co-related noun is omitted in the given phrase. (al-Qurtubi in al-Jami‘ li-Ahkam al-Qur’an, 15:324.)
3. Wa qila li-dhanbi Ummati-ka fi haqqi-ka. It is said that li-dhanbi-ka, signifies the faults committed by the Umma, regarding your rights. (Ibn Hayyan al-Andalusi in al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:471.)
4. Wastaghfir li-dhanbi-ka means dhanbi Ummati-ka, fa-huwa ‘ala hadhfi al-mudaf. It implies the sins of the Umma, and this interpretation is based on the principle of omission of the co-related noun. (al-Shawkani in Fath al-Qadir, 4:497.)

(الْفَتْح، 48 : 2)
وَّ اُخۡرٰی لَمۡ تَقۡدِرُوۡا عَلَیۡہَا قَدۡ اَحَاطَ اللّٰہُ بِہَا ؕ وَ کَانَ اللّٰہُ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ قَدِیۡرًا ﴿۲۱﴾

21. And (there are) other (great victories) yet beyond your reach. Allah has encompassed them (for you in the future).* And Allah is All-Capable of everything.

* These include the Conquests of Mecca, Hawazin, Hunayn, and then, the Conquests of Persia and Byzantine. Before the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya, the Muslims could not campaign to the north of Medina due to the threat from the south. But now that a truce was signed with the Quraysh and their allies, they could freely deal with the threat from the north. The Muslims were able to concentrate their energy against Khaybar as they had freed themselves from the attacks of their southern enemies, the Quraysh until the Quraysh themselves broke the Treaty. Breaking the Treaty was a significant political development, marking a turning point for the Muslims. That is why the Qur’an miraculously declared the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya a ‘clear victory’ as it opened the doors to great historical conquests. It led to the Conquests of Khaybar, Mecca and the entire Arabian Peninsula, and later, the expansion of the Islamic state outside of Arabia, overtaking both the Persian and Byzantine empires.

(الْفَتْح، 48 : 21)
ہُمُ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا وَ صَدُّوۡکُمۡ عَنِ الۡمَسۡجِدِ الۡحَرَامِ وَ الۡہَدۡیَ مَعۡکُوۡفًا اَنۡ یَّبۡلُغَ مَحِلَّہٗ ؕ وَ لَوۡ لَا رِجَالٌ مُّؤۡمِنُوۡنَ وَ نِسَآءٌ مُّؤۡمِنٰتٌ لَّمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡہُمۡ اَنۡ تَطَـُٔوۡہُمۡ فَتُصِیۡبَکُمۡ مِّنۡہُمۡ مَّعَرَّۃٌۢ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمٍ ۚ لِیُدۡخِلَ اللّٰہُ فِیۡ رَحۡمَتِہٖ مَنۡ یَّشَآءُ ۚ لَوۡ تَزَیَّلُوۡا لَعَذَّبۡنَا الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا مِنۡہُمۡ عَذَابًا اَلِیۡمًا ﴿۲۵﴾

25. They are the ones who disbelieved and barred you from the Sacred Mosque and prevented the sacrificial animals from reaching their destination. And were it not for (some) believing men and believing women (residing in Mecca), unknown to you, you would have trampled upon them in negligence, and thus, the blame of killing them would fall upon you. (You were held back from fighting) so that Allah may admit into His mercy whom He pleases. If those (unknown believers) had been clearly separated, We would have inflicted a painful punishment upon the disbelievers among them.

(الْفَتْح، 48 : 25)
مُحَمَّدٌ رَّسُوۡلُ اللّٰہِ ؕ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ مَعَہٗۤ اَشِدَّآءُ عَلَی الۡکُفَّارِ رُحَمَآءُ بَیۡنَہُمۡ تَرٰىہُمۡ رُکَّعًا سُجَّدًا یَّبۡتَغُوۡنَ فَضۡلًا مِّنَ اللّٰہِ وَ رِضۡوَانًا ۫ سِیۡمَاہُمۡ فِیۡ وُجُوۡہِہِمۡ مِّنۡ اَثَرِ السُّجُوۡدِ ؕ ذٰلِکَ مَثَلُہُمۡ فِی التَّوۡرٰىۃِ ۚۖۛ وَ مَثَلُہُمۡ فِی الۡاِنۡجِیۡلِ ۚ۟ۛ کَزَرۡعٍ اَخۡرَجَ شَطۡـَٔہٗ فَاٰزَرَہٗ فَاسۡتَغۡلَظَ فَاسۡتَوٰی عَلٰی سُوۡقِہٖ یُعۡجِبُ الزُّرَّاعَ لِیَغِیۡظَ بِہِمُ الۡکُفَّارَ ؕ وَعَدَ اللّٰہُ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ مِنۡہُمۡ مَّغۡفِرَۃً وَّ اَجۡرًا عَظِیۡمًا ﴿٪۲۹﴾

29. Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and compassionate among themselves. You see them bowing (and) prostrating (in prayer), seeking Allah’s grace and (His) pleasure. The sign (of brightness) upon their faces is because of the (spiritual) effect of prostration. Such is their description in the Torah and their description in the Injil (the Gospel). (These Companions are) like a cultivated crop which (initially) brings out its shoot, then becomes strong, then grows thick, and then rises firmly on its stem, providing delight to the cultivators so that He may enrage the disbelievers on account of them. Allah has promised those among them who believe and perform righteous deeds forgiveness and a great reward.

(الْفَتْح، 48 : 29)