Surah al-Tawba

Irfan-ul-Quran
  • 10, 11پارہ نمبر
  • 129آيات
  • 16رکوع
  • 113ترتيب نزولي
  • 9ترتيب تلاوت
  • مدنیسورہ
or

وَ اَذَانٌ مِّنَ اللّٰہِ وَ رَسُوۡلِہٖۤ اِلَی النَّاسِ یَوۡمَ الۡحَجِّ الۡاَکۡبَرِ اَنَّ اللّٰہَ بَرِیۡٓءٌ مِّنَ الۡمُشۡرِکِیۡنَ ۬ۙ وَ رَسُوۡلُہٗ ؕ فَاِنۡ تُبۡتُمۡ فَہُوَ خَیۡرٌ لَّکُمۡ ۚ وَ اِنۡ تَوَلَّیۡتُمۡ فَاعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّکُمۡ غَیۡرُ مُعۡجِزِی اللّٰہِ ؕ وَ بَشِّرِ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا بِعَذَابٍ اَلِیۡمٍ ۙ﴿۳﴾

3. (This is) a proclamation from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the Day of the Great Pilgrimage that Allah and His Messenger are absolved from all obligations to the (peace breaching) polytheists.* So, if you repent, it would be better for you. But if you turn away, know that you cannot escape Allah. And warn the (persecuting) disbelievers of a painful punishment.

* This proclamation was made as a response to the massacre of the peaceful people of Banu Khuza‘a, who, according to the Treaty of Hudaybiya, were allies of the state of Medina. The Quraysh supported the people of Banu Bakr with arms and men in launching a murderous attack on Banu Khuza‘a. As a result of this act, many innocent people were killed, while others were persecuted, tortured and detained. This act of breaching the Treaty of Hudaybiya absolved the state of Medina from all obligations. Hence, verses 1–16 were revealed in this historical context, referring to a specific event, and do not apply to non-Muslims in general.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 3)
قُلۡ اِنۡ کَانَ اٰبَآؤُکُمۡ وَ اَبۡنَآؤُکُمۡ وَ اِخۡوَانُکُمۡ وَ اَزۡوَاجُکُمۡ وَ عَشِیۡرَتُکُمۡ وَ اَمۡوَالُۨ اقۡتَرَفۡتُمُوۡہَا وَ تِجَارَۃٌ تَخۡشَوۡنَ کَسَادَہَا وَ مَسٰکِنُ تَرۡضَوۡنَہَاۤ اَحَبَّ اِلَیۡکُمۡ مِّنَ اللّٰہِ وَ رَسُوۡلِہٖ وَ جِہَادٍ فِیۡ سَبِیۡلِہٖ فَتَرَبَّصُوۡا حَتّٰی یَاۡتِیَ اللّٰہُ بِاَمۡرِہٖ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ لَا یَہۡدِی الۡقَوۡمَ الۡفٰسِقِیۡنَ ﴿٪۲۴﴾

24. (Esteemed Prophet!) Say: ‘If your fathers, your children, your brothers, your spouses, your tribe, the possessions which you have acquired, the business whose decline you may fear and the dwellings which you find pleasing are more beloved to you than Allah, His Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) and striving in His way, then wait until Allah issues His command (of torment). And Allah does not guide the disobedient people.’

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 24)
قَاتِلُوا الَّذِیۡنَ لَا یُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِاللّٰہِ وَ لَا بِالۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ وَ لَا یُحَرِّمُوۡنَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّٰہُ وَ رَسُوۡلُہٗ وَ لَا یَدِیۡنُوۡنَ دِیۡنَ الۡحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِیۡنَ اُوۡتُوا الۡکِتٰبَ حَتّٰی یُعۡطُوا الۡجِزۡیَۃَ عَنۡ ‌یَّدٍ وَّ ہُمۡ صٰغِرُوۡنَ ﴿٪۲۹﴾

29. Fight (the treacherous people) among those given the book who do not believe in Allah, nor the Last Day, nor do they forbid what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor do they practise the true religion (instead, they have breached the Treaty of Medina by committing an act of treason against the state), until they pay the indemnity tax (al-Jizya) with a willing hand*, and they submit to the command of the state.**

* Jizya legally refers to an indemnity tax received from non-Muslim combatants who surrendered to the Muslim State through a treaty, demanding their security, indemnity from military services and exemption from prescribed alms, payable to the state. These non-Muslims were not citizens of the state; instead, they were security seekers after surrendering from the battlefield. They used to contribute tax to military defence for their exemption from army services, whereas, in contrast, Muslim citizens would offer their personal services for the protection of the state whenever invaded by their enemies. The Jizya tax would also exempt those non-Muslims from Zakat and Kharaj taxes (trade and agricultural taxes), which were obligatory for Muslims. This particular category of non-Muslims, being non-citizens, were known as ‘Treaty People’ (Ahl al-Dhimma) or ‘Covenant Holders’. The Islamic State would provide them with all rights of security, equality and freedom against the tax, known as Jizya, which means reward or compensation. Women, children, the elderly, the clergy, the poor, the sick and those unable to work were exempt from this tax. Those who opted to join the army were also exempt. Instead, the poor among them were supported financially by the state. The Muslim rulers would refund the Jizya, if they failed to protect their lives or possessions. This kind of taxation system has existed since ancient times; the Old Testament and the New Testament in the Bible provide several references regarding this practice. Islam did not introduce it; instead, Islam introduced many humanitarian reforms in this old existing tradition among the nations. This term does not entail disgrace, inequality or humiliation of non-Muslims, nor does it uniformly apply to any non-Muslim citizen of a Muslim state. ** This verse refers to a retributive or punitive action taken against certain tribes, such as Qurayza and al-Nadir, who, in violation of the terms of alliance and the constitution, had supported the Meccan armies during their invasions of Medina, particularly in the battle of the confederates (al-Ahzab) by mobilizing them and providing them arms, ammunition and strategic information. Such punitive action against any party who breached the peace treaty and acted treacherously was repeatedly demanded in various articles of the constitution of Medina, jointly signed by the Jews and the Muslims years before.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 29)
اِنَّ عِدَّۃَ الشُّہُوۡرِ عِنۡدَ اللّٰہِ اثۡنَا عَشَرَ شَہۡرًا فِیۡ کِتٰبِ اللّٰہِ یَوۡمَ خَلَقَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرۡضَ مِنۡہَاۤ اَرۡبَعَۃٌ حُرُمٌ ؕ ذٰلِکَ الدِّیۡنُ الۡقَیِّمُ ۬ۙ فَلَا تَظۡلِمُوۡا فِیۡہِنَّ اَنۡفُسَکُمۡ وَ قَاتِلُوا الۡمُشۡرِکِیۡنَ کَآفَّۃً کَمَا یُقَاتِلُوۡنَکُمۡ کَآفَّۃً ؕ وَ اعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّ اللّٰہَ مَعَ الۡمُتَّقِیۡنَ ﴿۳۶﴾

36. Indeed, the number of months, according to Allah’s decree, is twelve months. It is (laid down) in Allah’s Book since the day He created the heavens and the earth. Out of them, four (Dhu al-Qa‘da, Dhu al-Hijja, Muharram and Rajab) are sacred. That is the upright calculation. So do not wrong yourself during these months (by getting involved in warfare). And fight all the (combatant) polytheists (in case they attack you) as they fight you all together. And know that Allah is with the God-conscious.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 36)
اِلَّا تَنۡصُرُوۡہُ فَقَدۡ نَصَرَہُ اللّٰہُ اِذۡ اَخۡرَجَہُ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا ثَانِیَ اثۡنَیۡنِ اِذۡ ہُمَا فِی الۡغَارِ اِذۡ یَقُوۡلُ لِصَاحِبِہٖ لَا تَحۡزَنۡ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ مَعَنَا ۚ فَاَنۡزَلَ اللّٰہُ سَکِیۡنَتَہٗ عَلَیۡہِ وَ اَیَّدَہٗ بِجُنُوۡدٍ لَّمۡ تَرَوۡہَا وَ جَعَلَ کَلِمَۃَ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوا السُّفۡلٰی ؕ وَ کَلِمَۃُ اللّٰہِ ہِیَ الۡعُلۡیَا ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ عَزِیۡزٌ حَکِیۡمٌ ﴿۴۰﴾

40. (O people!) If you do not help him (i.e. the Esteemed Prophet), Allah has already helped him when the disbelievers drove him out (of Mecca, and he was) the second of the two (emigrants). When the two of them (i.e. the Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) and Abu Bakr) were in the cave (of Mount Thawr), he (the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) said to his companion (Abu Bakr): ‘Do not worry, surely Allah is with us.’ Then Allah sent down His tranquillity upon him and strengthened him with armies (of angels), which you could not see, and He made the word of the disbelievers the lowest. And the word of Allah is the highest, and Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 40)
کَالَّذِیۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِکُمۡ کَانُوۡۤا اَشَدَّ مِنۡکُمۡ قُوَّۃً وَّ اَکۡثَرَ اَمۡوَالًا وَّ اَوۡلَادًا ؕ فَاسۡتَمۡتَعُوۡا بِخَلَاقِہِمۡ فَاسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُمۡ بِخَلَاقِکُمۡ کَمَا اسۡتَمۡتَعَ الَّذِیۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِکُمۡ بِخَلَاقِہِمۡ وَ خُضۡتُمۡ کَالَّذِیۡ خَاضُوۡا ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ حَبِطَتۡ اَعۡمَالُہُمۡ فِی الدُّنۡیَا وَ الۡاٰخِرَۃِ ۚ وَ اُولٰٓئِکَ ہُمُ الۡخٰسِرُوۡنَ ﴿۶۹﴾

69. (O hypocrites! You are) like those (disbelievers) before you. They were stronger than you in might and more abundant in wealth and children. So they enjoyed their share (of worldly pleasures). You, too, have enjoyed your share, just like those (disbelievers) before you enjoyed their share. And you have indulged (impiously) in idle talk as they indulged. They are the ones whose deeds have become void in this world and the Hereafter. And it is they who are the losers.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 69)
یَحۡلِفُوۡنَ بِاللّٰہِ مَا قَالُوۡا ؕ وَ لَقَدۡ قَالُوۡا کَلِمَۃَ الۡکُفۡرِ وَ کَفَرُوۡا بَعۡدَ اِسۡلَامِہِمۡ وَ ہَمُّوۡا بِمَا لَمۡ یَنَالُوۡا ۚ وَ مَا نَقَمُوۡۤا اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ اَغۡنٰہُمُ اللّٰہُ وَ رَسُوۡلُہٗ مِنۡ فَضۡلِہٖ ۚ فَاِنۡ یَّتُوۡبُوۡا یَکُ خَیۡرًا لَّہُمۡ ۚ وَ اِنۡ یَّتَوَلَّوۡا یُعَذِّبۡہُمُ اللّٰہُ عَذَابًا اَلِیۡمًا ۙ فِی الدُّنۡیَا وَ الۡاٰخِرَۃِ ۚ وَ مَا لَہُمۡ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ مِنۡ وَّلِیٍّ وَّ لَا نَصِیۡرٍ ﴿۷۴﴾

74. They (the hypocrites) swear by Allah that they did not say (anything blasphemous). But surely they have uttered the word of disbelief and renounced faith after submitting (to Allah). They had planned what they could not achieve, and they became vengeful only because Allah and His Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) had enriched them out of His Grace. Yet, if they repent, it would be better for them. But if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful torment in this world and the Hereafter. And they shall have on the earth neither any protector nor any helper.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 74)
اِنَّ اللّٰہَ اشۡتَرٰی مِنَ الۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ اَنۡفُسَہُمۡ وَ اَمۡوَالَہُمۡ بِاَنَّ لَہُمُ الۡجَنَّۃَ ؕ یُقَاتِلُوۡنَ فِیۡ سَبِیۡلِ اللّٰہِ فَیَقۡتُلُوۡنَ وَ یُقۡتَلُوۡنَ ۟ وَعۡدًا عَلَیۡہِ حَقًّا فِی التَّوۡرٰىۃِ وَ الۡاِنۡجِیۡلِ وَ الۡقُرۡاٰنِ ؕ وَ مَنۡ اَوۡفٰی بِعَہۡدِہٖ مِنَ اللّٰہِ فَاسۡتَبۡشِرُوۡا بِبَیۡعِکُمُ الَّذِیۡ بَایَعۡتُمۡ بِہٖ ؕ وَ ذٰلِکَ ہُوَ الۡفَوۡزُ الۡعَظِیۡمُ ﴿۱۱۱﴾

111. Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their possessions in exchange for Paradise to be theirs. They fight (against the aggressors) in the way of Allah, slaying (during the war) and being slain. A true promise binding upon Him in the Torah and the Gospel (the Injil) and the Qur’an. And who is truer to his promise than Allah? So rejoice over the bargain you have made with Him. Indeed, that is the supreme success.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 111)
مَا کَانَ لِاَہۡلِ الۡمَدِیۡنَۃِ وَ مَنۡ حَوۡلَہُمۡ مِّنَ الۡاَعۡرَابِ اَنۡ یَّتَخَلَّفُوۡا عَنۡ رَّسُوۡلِ اللّٰہِ وَ لَا یَرۡغَبُوۡا بِاَنۡفُسِہِمۡ عَنۡ نَّفۡسِہٖ ؕ ذٰلِکَ بِاَنَّہُمۡ لَا یُصِیۡبُہُمۡ ظَمَاٌ وَّ لَا نَصَبٌ وَّ لَا مَخۡمَصَۃٌ فِیۡ سَبِیۡلِ اللّٰہِ وَ لَا یَطَـُٔوۡنَ مَوۡطِئًا یَّغِیۡظُ الۡکُفَّارَ وَ لَا یَنَالُوۡنَ مِنۡ عَدُوٍّ نَّیۡلًا اِلَّا کُتِبَ لَہُمۡ بِہٖ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ لَا یُضِیۡعُ اَجۡرَ الۡمُحۡسِنِیۡنَ ﴿۱۲۰﴾ۙ

120. It was not (suitable) for the people of Medina and the Bedouins around them to hold back from the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) by failing to accompany him during his campaigns and expeditions) and prefer their own lives to his life. That is because no thirst, fatigue or hunger afflicts them in the way of Allah, nor do they take any step enraging the (transgressing) disbelievers, or gain any advantage over an enemy, but a righteous deed is written on its account to their credit. Indeed, Allah does not waste the reward of the excellently virtuous.

(التَّوْبَة، 9 : 120)